Arduino Projects Book - Project 07: Keyboard Instrument

Published: By Zhengqi(Drago) Dong on May 03, 2016 • Post a comment
Category: Arduino
Tags: arduino_projects_book arduino_uno

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OVERVIEW:

Hi there! I’m back with a new project from the Arduino Projects Book - Keyboard Instrument. In this project, we will learn how to control a piezo buzzer using switches. We will also play some music, so let’s tune in.

PARTS:

1 x Arduino UNO

arduino-uno

1 x Breadboard

breadboard

1 x Piezo buzzer
4 x Switches
1 x 220-ohms resistor
2 x 10-kilohm resistors
1 x 1-megohm resistor
9 x Jumper wires

parts

BREADBOARD LAYOUT:

There is a new resistor wiring method, called resistor ladder.

This is a way to read a number of switches using the analog input. It’s more helpful than using the digital input.
We’ll hook up a number of switches that are connected in parallel to an analog pin (i.e. A0).
Most of the switches will connect to power through a resistor.
How it works: When we press each button, a different voltage level will pass to the input pin. If we press two buttons at the same time, we’ll get a unique input based on the two resistors in parallel (that’s why we need to hook them up in parallel).

Now let’s take a look at my schematic:

schematic

and the breadboard layout:

breadboard-layout

This is my real board layout:

build

CODE:

noTone(BUZZER_PIN);

noTone() is used to mute the buzzer. There is only 1 parameter for this function, which is the pin number.

Here is the code:

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/**
 * Project Name: Arduino Projects Book - Project 07: Keyboard Instrument
 *
 * File Name: keyboard_instrument.ino
 *
 * Description: Simulates keys C, D, E, and F of the real piano
 * using push buttons and piezo buzzer.
 *
 * Author: Zhengqi Dong
 * Location:  
 * Created: March 05, 2016
 * Updated: June 22, 2017
 */

// Required hardware I/O connections
const byte KEYBOARD  = A0;                  // connect keyboard to A0
const byte PIEZO_PIN = 8;                   // connect buzzer to 8

// Global constants
const int NOTES[] = { 262, 294, 330, 349 }; // C, D, E, F frequencies
const unsigned int BAUD_RATE = 9600;        // serial monitor's baud rate

// Global variables
unsigned int key_val;

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(BAUD_RATE);    // start the serial monitor
    pinMode(PIEZO_PIN, OUTPUT); // set PIEZO_PIN as OUTPUT
}

void loop() {
    // read and print KEYBOARD value
    key_val = analogRead(KEYBOARD);
    Serial.print("key_val = ");
    Serial.println(key_val);

    if (key_val == 1023) {
        tone(PIEZO_PIN, NOTES[0]); // first switch ~ key C
    } else if ((key_val >= 990) && (key_val <= 1010)) {
        tone(PIEZO_PIN, NOTES[1]); // second switch ~ key D
    } else if ((key_val >= 505) && (key_val <= 515)) {
        tone(PIEZO_PIN, NOTES[2]); // third switch ~ key E
    } else if ((key_val >= 5) && (key_val <= 10)) {
        tone(PIEZO_PIN, NOTES[3]); // fourth switch ~ key F
    } else {
        noTone(PIEZO_PIN);         // no switch ~ no sound
    }
}